Since President William Ruto assumed office on September 13, 2022, Kenya has ramped up diplomatic and commercial engagements that have yielded a steady stream of memoranda of understanding (MoUs) with foreign states, sub-national partners, and international organisations.

Here’s a verified list of MoUs Kenya has signed under the Ruto presidency.

Iran: In July 2023, President Ruto and Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi presided over the signing of five MoUs covering ICT, fisheries, animal health and livestock, culture and heritage, and investment promotion. The agreements were hailed as a step toward boosting Kenya’s manufacturing and agri-business sectors.

Romania: In November 2023, Kenya signed four MoUs with Romania in areas including environment and climate change, veterinary and food safety, agricultural research, and diplomatic training.

Indonesia: During President Ruto’s state visit to Jakarta in August 2023, Kenya signed several MoUs with Indonesia covering energy (geothermal, power transmission and distribution), mining and geology, pharmaceuticals, vaccine technology transfer, and agricultural trade.

African Development Bank Group (AfDB): In October 2023, Kenya signed an MoU with the African Development Bank for Nairobi to host the 2024 AfDB Annual Meetings, strengthening cooperation in economic development and investment mobilisation.