When buying a car in Kenya, one of the key technical terms you’ll encounter is the drivetrain: front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD), or all-wheel drive (AWD).

Understanding the difference is crucial as it directly impacts a car’s handling, fuel economy, and capability on different road surfaces, from Nairobi’s tarmac to upcountry murram roads.

A car’s drivetrain is the system that delivers power from the engine to the wheels.

The names themselves explain how they work.

The engine’s power is sent exclusively to the front wheels.

These wheels are responsible for both pulling the car forward and steering it.

FWD is the most common setup in modern passenger cars, including popular models in Kenya like the Toyota Vitz, Mazda Demio, and Honda Fit.

Because the engine and transmission are packaged together at the front, these cars often offer more interior space and are generally more fuel-efficient and cheaper to manufacture.

In an RWD car, the engine powers the rear wheels, while the front wheels only handle steering.

This separation of duties provides better weight distribution (closer to a 50/50 split between front and rear), which improves handling and balance, especially at higher speeds.

RWD is common in performance cars, lorries, and pickups like the Toyota Hilux or Isuzu D-Max.

A key disadvantage is reduced traction on slippery surfaces like mud or wet roads since there is less weight over the powered wheels.

As the name suggests, an AWD system can send power to all four wheels.

This provides significantly better traction and stability in challenging conditions.

Many systems are ‘part-time’ or ‘on-demand,’ meaning they operate primarily in two-wheel drive for fuel economy and only engage all four wheels when tyre slippage is detected.

Other systems are ‘full-time,’ constantly powering all wheels.

AWD is a hallmark of SUVs and crossovers popular for their versatility in Kenya, such as the Subaru Forester, Toyota RAV4, and Nissan X-Trail.

There is no single ‘best’ option; the ideal choice depends entirely on your budget, typical usage, and the roads you frequent.

Your driving is mostly confined to city and town roads with good tarmac.

If fuel economy and purchase price are your main concerns, FWD is the most practical and cost-effective choice.

It provides predictable handling and sufficient traction for rainy conditions in urban settings.

You prioritise a more engaging driving experience, need to carry heavy loads, or do a lot of towing.

While less common in small passenger cars today, RWD’s robust nature makes it the standard for commercial vehicles.

You regularly travel on varied terrains, including murram, gravel, or poorly maintained roads, especially during the rainy season.

The superior grip of AWD provides an unmatched level of safety and confidence when conditions are unpredictable.

While it comes at a higher cost in terms of purchase price, maintenance, and fuel consumption, for many who venture outside major urban centres, the trade-off is well worth it for the enhanced capability and peace of mind.